UPSC Prelims Test Series (40 Tests)

GEO IAS presents the UPSC MEGA TEST SERIES 2026, a premium 40-test program designed exactly on the UPSC 2020–2025 pattern, including 36 GS tests and 4 CSAT tests with a complete 9-phase coverage plan. The series features UPSC-level simulators, topic-wise and PYQ-based tests, Budget & Economic Survey special tests, bilingual explanations, national ranking, and both offline + online modes. If you want real UPSC-level practice and accurate exam simulation, this is the most trusted test series.

GEO IAS प्रस्तुत करता है UPSC MEGA TEST SERIES 2026, एक प्रीमियम 40-टेस्ट कार्यक्रम जिसे UPSC 2020–2025 के पैटर्न पर बिल्कुल तैयार किया गया है, जिसमें 36 GS और 4 CSAT टेस्ट शामिल हैं और पूरा सिलेबस 9-फेज प्लान में कवर किया जाता है। इसमें UPSC-लेवल सिमुलेटर, टॉपिक-वाइज और PYQ आधारित टेस्ट, बजट और आर्थिक सर्वे विशेष टेस्ट, द्विभाषी समाधान, नेशनल रैंकिंग और ऑफ़लाइन + ऑनलाइन दोनों मोड उपलब्ध हैं। यदि आप वास्तविक UPSC स्तर की तैयारी और सटीक परीक्षा अनुभव चाहते हैं, तो यह सबसे भरोसेमंद टेस्ट सीरीज़ है।

🔵 T1 — Polity NCERT + Basics

Detailed Syllabus:

• NCERT Political Science (6–12) — complete line-by-line coverage
• Meaning of State, Government, Nation, Society
• Citizenship: concept, constitutional position, types of citizenship, CAA context
• Political ideologies: democracy, liberalism, socialism, secularism
• Rights & duties: constitutional vs legal, negative vs positive rights
• Justice, liberty, equality — philosophical meaning & UPSC relevance
• Constitution: why needed, features, basic values, constitutional morality
• Historical background: Regulating Act, Pitt’s Act, Charter Acts, 1858 Act, 1909, 1919, 1935
• Constituent Assembly: committees, members, debates, adoption
• Basic Structure doctrine: essence + cases (Kesavananda etc.)
• Separation of Powers, Rule of Law
• Government systems: parliamentary, presidential, federal, quasi-federal
  Sources: NCERT 6–12, Laxmikant Intro Chapters
  UPSC Trend: High weightage on conceptual polity & rights-based questions

🔵 T2 — Constitution (Laxmikant Part I)

Detailed Syllabus:

• Preamble: keywords, debates, 42nd Amendment impact
• Salient features: blend of rigidity-flexibility, quasi-federalism, parliamentary system
• Parts & Schedules of Constitution: significance + important articles
• Citizenship (Art. 5–11) + Constitutional Amendments related
• Fundamental Rights:
• Equality (14–18)
• Freedom (19–22)
• Protection rights (23–24)
• Cultural & Educational (29–30)
• Constitutional remedies (32)
• Writs: HC vs SC differences
• DPSP (36–51): classifications & implementation challenges
• Fundamental Duties (51A): origins & cases
• Constitutional Amendments: 24th, 25th, 42nd, 44th, 52nd, 61st, 73rd, 74th
  Sources: Laxmikant Chapters 1–19
  UPSC Trend: Preamble + FR + DPSP dominate 60% of polity MCQs

🔵 T3 — Federalism + Constitutional Bodies

Detailed Syllabus:

• Federalism: cooperative vs competitive; unitary tilt; strong centre
• Centre–State relations:
• Legislative (List system, Art. 245–255)
• Administrative (IAS, IPS, All India Services)
• Financial (Finance Commission, GST Council)
• Inter-State Relations: interstate councils, water disputes, tribunals
• Emergency Provisions:
• National (352)
• State (356)
• Financial (360)
• Local Government:
• 73rd & 74th Amendments
• Panchayati Raj Structure
• Municipal framework
• Constitutional Bodies:
• Election Commission
• UPSC
• CAG
• Finance Commission
• Attorney General & Advocate General
• Statutory & Executive Bodies:
• NHRC, CVC, CIC, Lokpal
• Parliamentary System:
• President, VP, PM, Cabinet
• Parliament: LS, RS, Committees
  Sources: Laxmikant Chapters 20–50
  UPSC Trend: Highest scoring area in Polity

🔵 T4 — Polity PYQs + Mixed Test

Detailed Syllabus:

• Full PYQ set from 2011–2025 (topic-wise)
• High-weightage themes: FR, federalism, bodies, emergency, parliament
• Repeated PYQ patterns:
• Statements-based tricky FR questions
• Polity + current affairs fusion questions
• Comparisons (rights vs duties, HC vs SC, ECI powers vs actual functioning)
• Key judgments impacting PYQs:
• Shreya Singhal
• Puttaswamy Privacy
• Sabarimala
• NJAC case

T5 — Ancient + Medieval India (NCERT + Standard Books)

Detailed Syllabus:

1. Prehistoric India (UPSC hot topic)

• Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic cultures — tools, sites, lifestyle
• Important sites: Bhimbetka, Hunsgi, Belan Valley
• Food production, domestication, settlements

2. Indus Valley Civilization

• Origin, phases, town planning, economy, script theories
• Social structure, religion, decline theories
• All major sites: Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Dholavira, Rakhigarhi
• Recent discoveries (UPSC 2025 trend)

3. Vedic Age (Early & Later)

• Social, political, economic, religious life
• Expansion to Ganga valley
• Polity: Sabha, Samiti, Rajan, Vrajapati
• Religious evolution → Upanishadic thought

4. Mahajanapadas & Rise of States

• 16 Mahajanapadas
• Rise of Magadha — Nandas
• Causes of growth of monarchy

5. Buddhism & Jainism

• Life of Buddha & Mahavira
• Doctrine: 4 Noble Truths, 8-Fold Path, Syadavada, Anekantavada
• Councils, spread, decline
• Sites, patronage, architecture

6. Mauryan Empire

• Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara, Ashoka
• Administration, Economy, Espionage
• Ashokan edicts
• Decline theories

7. Post-Mauryan Age

• Indo-Greeks, Shakas, Parthians
• Satavahanas, Kushanas (Kanishka)
• Sangam Age literature

8. Gupta Age

• Golden Age features
• Science, technology, coins, culture
• Hiuen Tsang accounts

9. Harsha + Early Medieval

• Harshavardhana
• Chalukyas, Pallavas, Rashtrakutas

Medieval India

1. Delhi Sultanate

• Slave, Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, Lodi
• Land revenue, military reforms
• Architecture

2. Mughal Empire

• Babur to Aurangzeb
• Mansabdari, Jagirdari
• Art, architecture, literature
• Decline theories

3. Bhakti & Sufi Movement

• Nirguna/Saguna bhakti
• Sufi silsilas
• Social reform impact

Sources:

NCERT 6–12 History, Tamil Nadu Board, RS Sharma, Satish Chandra

🔵 T6 — Modern India (Spectrum + NCERT + Bipin Chandra)

Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Advent of Europeans

• Portuguese, Dutch, French, British competition

2. British Expansion (1757–1857)

• Battles of Plassey, Buxar
• Subsidiary Alliance, Doctrine of Lapse
• British revenue systems

3. Social-Religious Reform Movements

• Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, Aligarh Movement
• Young Bengal, Ramakrishna Mission
• Women reforms

4. 1857 Revolt (UPSC favourite)

• Causes, nature, centres, leaders
• Failure reasons
• Historiographical interpretations

5. Formation of INC

• Moderate phase
• Extremist phase
• Partition of Bengal
• Surat Split

6. Gandhi Era (1915–1947)

• Champaran, Kheda, Ahmedabad
• Non-Cooperation
• Civil Disobedience
• Round Table Conferences
• Quit India

7. Constitutional Developments

• Minto-Morley, Montagu-Chelmsford
• Simon Commission
• Indian Councils Acts
• Cabinet Mission Plan
• Indian Independence Act

8. Revolutionaries

• Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Revolutionary groups

9. Peasant + Tribal Movements

• Santhal, Munda, Tebhaga, Indigo revolt

10. Post-Independence consolidation (basics)

Sources: Spectrum, Bipin Chandra, NCERTs, GEO IAS Module

🔵 T7 — Modern India PYQs + Advanced Revision Test

Detailed Syllabus:

• UPSC PYQs 2011–2025 (100% coverage)
• Trend-based topics:
• 1919 Act
• 1935 Act
• Gandhi-associated movements
• Socio-religious reform movements
• Peasant revolts
• Repeated question models from:
• Satyagraha theory
• INC Sessions & Presidents
• 1931 Karachi Resolution
• Cripps Mission vs Cabinet Mission
• Key historical figures mapping
• Statement-based tricky questions
• Integrated A&C + modern linkage

🔵 T8 — Art & Culture (Nitin Singhania + NCERT)

Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Indian Architecture

• Harappan architecture
• Buddhist chaitya, vihara, stupas
• Mauryan pillars
• Gandhara, Mathura, Amaravati
• Temple architecture:
• Nagara, Dravida, Vesara
• Kalinga, Bhumija, Maru-Gurjara
• Indo-Islamic architecture:
• Arcuate vs trabeate
• Delhi Sultanate styles
• Mughal architecture
• Modern architecture

2. Indian Sculpture & Iconography

• Vaishnava, Shaiva, Shakta iconography
• Chola bronze sculpture

3. Painting Schools

• Ajanta, Ellora, Bagh
• Rajput, Mughal, Pahari, Deccan schools

4. Indian Music

• Hindustani vs Carnatic
• Gharanas
• Instruments (UPSC 2020 trend)

5. Indian Dance Forms

• Classical (8 classical dances)
• Folk dances (state-wise)

6. UNESCO World Heritage Sites

• Cultural, natural, mixed sites
• UPSC PYQs

7. Literature & Religious Texts

• Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas
• Sangam Literature
• Buddhist & Jain texts

🔵 T9 — History + Art & Culture Mixed (Integration Test)

Detailed Syllabus:

• Cross-topic integration:
• Gupta → Classical arts
• Mauryan → Stupas & pillars
• Mughal → Miniature paintings
• Sangam → Culture + polity
• UPSC-style integration:
• Buddhism + A&C
• Gupta science + literature
• Medieval architecture + polity
• PYQs covering combined domains
• Advanced 2-statement & 3-statement tricky questions
• Chronology-based questions (UPSC favourite)

🔵 T10 — Physical Geography (NCERT + Goh Cheng Leong)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Earth: Origin & Structure

• Nebular & Planetesimal hypotheses
• Earth's interior: crust, mantle, core
• Seismic waves & shadow zones
• Continental drift, Plate tectonics

2. Latitudes, Longitudes & Basics

• Heat zones, time zones
• International Date Line
• Great circle & Rhumb line

3. Motions of Earth

• Rotation & revolution
• Seasons, solstices, equinoxes
• Daylight variations

4. Geomorphology

• Weathering (chemical, mechanical, biological)
• Erosion agents: River, Wind, Glacier, Sea waves
• Landforms:
• Fluvial (meander, oxbow, delta)
• Aeolian (dunes, Yardang)
• Glacial (aretes, moraines)
• Coastal (beaches, spits, bars)
• Volcanoes: types, distribution
• Earthquakes: focus, epicenter, intensity scales

5. Rocks & Minerals

• Rock cycle
• Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
• Mineral resources basics

6. Climatology (UPSC high-weight)

• Heat budget
• Temperature distribution
• Atmospheric pressure belts
• Planetary winds
• Monsoons: mechanisms, global impact
• Jet streams
• Tropical cyclones vs temperate cyclones

7. Oceanography

• Ocean floors, continental shelf
• Ocean currents
• Waves & tides
• El Niño, La Niña, ENSO, IOD

Sources:

NCERT 6–12, G.C. Leong, Oxford Atlas

🔵 T11 — Indian Geography (NCERT + Oxford Atlas)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Physiographic Divisions

• Himalayas: formation, structure, ranges
• Indo-Gangetic plains: sections, agriculture
• Peninsular plateau: Deccan, Central Highlands
• Coastal plains & islands

2. Drainage Systems (UPSC PYQ hotspot)

• Himalayan rivers: Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra
• Peninsular rivers: Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Narmada, Tapi
• River-linking projects

3. Climate of India

• Indian monsoon mechanisms
• Western Disturbances
• Jet streams & El Niño impact
• Climatic regions of India

4. Soils of India

• Alluvial, Black, Red, Laterite, Desert, Mountain
• Soil degradation: salinization, erosion, desertification

5. Natural Vegetation

• Tropical evergreen, deciduous, thorn, montane, mangrove
• Reserved, protected, unclassed forest

6. Agriculture

• Kharif/Rabi cropping patterns
• Green revolution zones
• Millets, pulses, oilseeds
• Irrigation systems

7. Minerals & Industries

• Coal, iron ore, bauxite, mica
• Industrial corridors
• Oil refineries

8. Transport & Infrastructure

• Railway zones
• Ports (major + non-major)
• National Highways

Sources:

NCERTs, Oxford Atlas, Map practice

🔵 T12 — India & World Mapping (High Accuracy Test)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Indian Mapping

• Location of major cities
• State borders & neighbours
• Rivers + tributaries
• National Parks, Tiger Reserves
• Ramsar Wetlands
• Mountain passes (UPSC 2023 trend)
• Ports, airports, industrial hubs

2. World Mapping

• Continents, oceans
• Important straits (Hormuz, Malacca, Bosporus)
• World deserts, mountains (Andes, Rockies, Alps)
• Rivers (Nile, Amazon, Yangtze)
• Political geography:
• West Asia (UPSC favourite)
• Europe (NATO, EU)
• Africa (countries around lakes, Sahel region)

3. Current Affairs Mapping

• Ukraine crisis mapping
• Israel–Palestine mapping
• Red Sea shipping lanes
• Indo-Pacific region

Sources:

Oxford Atlas, Orient Blackswan Atlas, Map-based PYQs, GEO IAS Module

🔵 T13 — Geography + Environment Integrated Test

(One of the most important tests)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Linking Physical Geography with Environment

• Biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nitrogen, water cycle)
• Biodiversity hotspots
• Ecotones & ecological niches

2. Climate + Ecology Integration

• Monsoon → vegetation → biodiversity
• Deserts → drought → climate adaptation
• Himalayas → glaciers → river systems

3. Environment Acts + Geography context

• Forest Conservation Act
• Biodiversity Act
• Wildlife Protection Act

4. UPSC-style integrated statements

• Climate → Cyclones → Indian coasts
• El Niño → Rainfall → Agriculture
• Rivers → species diversity

5. PYQ-based models

• Map + environment combined questions
• Climate + pollution + geography

🔵 T14 — Geography PYQs + Advanced Application Test

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. UPSC PYQs (2011–2024)

Topic-wise:

• Cyclones
• Jet streams
• El Niño & IOD
• Rivers & dams
• Forest types
• Mineral belts

2. High-difficulty model tests

• 3-statement analytical type
• Assertion–Reasoning models
• Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? type questions

3. Integrated questions

• Map + climate + ecology
• Soil + rainfall + agriculture

4. Applied questions

• Climate change impact on crops
• Himalayan vulnerability
• Coastal erosion

🔵 T15 — Economy NCERT Basics (Class 9–12 + Intro Concepts)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Basic Economic Concepts (UPSC conceptual focus)

• Scarcity, choice, opportunity cost
• Production possibilities curve (PPC)
• Demand & Supply (determinants, shifts, elasticity)
• Types of markets: perfect, imperfect, monopoly, oligopoly

2. National Income (Class 12 NCERT)

• GDP, GNP, NNP, NDP, Disposable Income
• GDP at factor cost vs market price
• Real vs nominal GDP
• GDP deflator
• Methods: Product, Income, Expenditure
• Base year changes

3. Money & Banking (NCERT basics)

• Barter, Money supply (M1–M4)
• Commercial banks: credit creation
• RBI: functions, monetary policy basics

4. Government Budgeting Fundamentals

• Revenue vs capital receipts
• Budget deficit types
• FRBM basics

5. Inflation Basics

• CPI, WPI
• Headline vs core inflation
• Deflation, disinflation, stagflation

6. External Sector Basics

• Balance of Payments
• Current & capital account
• Exchange rates (fixed, floating)
• Devaluation vs depreciation

Sources: NCERT (9–12 Economics), Indian Economy NCERT Macroeconomics

UPSC Trend: Conceptual questions rising since 2018

🔵 T16 — Indian Economy (Standard Books: Ramesh Singh, Sanjeev Verma)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Economic Growth & Development

• HDI, MPI
• Poverty estimations
• Inequality → Gini coefficient

2. Planning in India

• Five-Year Plans (summary)
• NITI Aayog functions, cooperative federalism

3. Agriculture Sector

• Cropping patterns
• MSP, PDS, buffer stock
• Green Revolution & contemporary issues
• Contract farming, e-NAM, PM-AASHA

4. Industrial Sector

• Industrial policies (1956, 1991)
• MSME sector
• Make in India, Production-linked incentives (PLI)
• Startups, FDI norms

5. Infrastructure

• Rail, road, ports, airports
• Sagarmala, Bharatmala
• Logistics Performance Index
• Energy sector basics

6. Banking & Financial Sector

• NPAs, IBC, Basel norms
• Bank types
• Financial inclusion: PMJDY, JAM, DBT
• NBFCs, payment banks, small finance banks

7. Taxation System

• GST basics
• Direct vs indirect taxes
• Fiscal federalism basics

Sources: Ramesh Singh, Sanjeev Verma, Economic Survey overview, GEO IAS Module

UPSC Trend: Economy increasingly CA-driven but static remains foundational

🔵 T17 — Economy Current Affairs (without Budget/Survey)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Monetary Policy Updates

• Repo, reverse repo, SDF, MSF
• MPC decisions
• Inflation-targeting framework

2. Banking Sector Developments

• Digital banking, UPI growth
• Cyber-security issues
• RBI guidelines

3. Indian Growth Trends

• GDP quarterly trends
• Sectors leading growth
• Unemployment data (PLFS)

4. External Sector

• India’s forex reserves trends
• Global supply-chain shifts
• India–UAE CEPA
• India–Australia ECTA

5. Social Sector Reform Updates

• Health missions
• Education policy initiatives
• Social protection systems

6. Infrastructure & Energy

• Renewable energy targets
• Green hydrogen mission
• EV policy developments

7. Important Indices

• HDI, GHI, EPI, GFSI, GCI

Sources: PIB, Hindu, Mint, Economic Survey highlights, GEO IAS Module

UPSC Trend: 40–50% economy questions link to CA indirectly

🔵 T18 — Money, Banking & Inflation (Advanced)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Monetary Policy (Deep Coverage)

• Repo, reverse repo, CRR, SLR, OMO, MSS
• Liquidity management by RBI
• Inflation targeting
• MPC structure, term, powers
• RBI vs Government autonomy debates

2. Banking System

• Public, private, cooperative banks
• NBFC classification
• Priority sector lending
• Financial stability concerns
• Digital currency (CBDC) basics

3. Inflation

• Causes: demand-pull, cost-push
• Core inflation, headline inflation
• Philips curve
• RBI inflation management

4. Financial Markets

• Capital markets: SEBI, stock exchanges
• Money markets: T-bills, CDs, CPs
• Bond markets basics

5. Government Securities

• G-secs
• SDLs
• RBI market operations

Sources: Ramesh Singh, RBI Annual Report, GEO IAS Module

UPSC Trend: Frequently tested area (2015–2024)

🔵 T19 — Economy PYQs + Analytical Revision Test

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. PYQs (2011–2024) Complete Coverage

Topic-wise:

• Monetary policy
• Banking
• External sector
• Budget terms
• FDI/FII
• Agriculture economics

2. High-difficulty model questions

• Complex “select the correct code” questions
• PYQ-inspired tricky statements
• Matching schemes with ministries

3. Integrated Economy Questions

• Inflation → RBI → growth
• External sector → exchange rates → exports
• Fiscal → monetary linkages

4. Trend-based analysis

• How UPSC shifted from static → applied economics
• High-return vs low-return topics

.

🔵 T20 — Ecology + Biodiversity (Foundational)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Ecology Basics (UPSC conceptual zone)

• Ecology, ecosystem, ecotone, ecological niche
• Food chain, food web, trophic levels
• Ecological pyramids (energy, biomass, number)
• Biogeochemical cycles: carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus

2. Ecosystem Types

• Terrestrial ecosystems
• Aquatic ecosystems
• Mangroves, wetlands, coral reefs

3. Biodiversity Concepts

• Genetic, species, ecosystem diversity
• Bioprospecting vs bio-piracy
• Biocapacity, ecological footprint

4. Threats to Biodiversity

• Habitat loss
• Invasive species (UPSC favourite)
• Climate change
• Pollution
• Overexploitation

5. In-Situ & Ex-Situ Conservation

• Protected area network:
• National Parks
• Wildlife Sanctuaries
• Tiger reserves
• Biosphere reserves
• Zoos, gene banks, seed banks

6. IUCN Red List

• Threat categories
• UPSC-relevant species (Gharial, Snow Leopard, Indian Pangolin, Olive Ridley, Great Indian Bustard)

7. Biodiversity Hotspots

• Western Ghats
• Himalayas
• Indo-Burma
• Sundaland

Sources: NCERT 12 Biology, Shankar IAS Environment, GEO IAS Module

UPSC Trend: High-scoring conceptual area (6–10 questions each year)

🔵 T21 — Forests + Wildlife + Protected Areas

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. India’s Forest Types (Champion & Seth classification)

• Tropical evergreen
• Tropical deciduous
• Thorn
• Montane
• Mangroves
• Littoral & swamp

2. Wildlife Conservation

• Flagship species
• Keystone species
• Endemic species
• Migratory species (CMS listings)

3. Protected Area Categories

• National parks
• WLS
• Conservation reserves
• Community reserves
• Biodiversity heritage sites

4. International Conventions

• CITES
• CMS
• IUCN
• Ramsar
• World Heritage Convention

5. Tiger Conservation

• Project Tiger
• NTCA
• Tiger census methodology
• Tiger reserves mapping

6. Elephant Conservation

• Project Elephant
• Elephant corridors
• Human-animal conflict

7. Important Species Topics

• Crocodile species in India
• Rhino conservation
• Snow leopard & Himalayas
• Vultures & diclofenac issue

Sources: Shankar IAS, MoEFCC annual report, GEO IAS Module

UPSC Trend: Mapping + species + conventions form majority of questions

🔵 T22 — Environment Current Affairs (1-Year Coverage)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Climate Reports & Indices

• IPCC (6th assessment cycle)
• UNEP Emissions Gap Report
• UNFCCC updates
• Global Climate Risk Index
• State of the Climate Report

2. Indian Environmental Policies

• National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)
• Green Hydrogen Mission
• PM Ujjwala, UJALA, Solar Mission
• E-waste management rules update
• Forest Conservation Amendment Act

3. International Summits

• COP-28 outcomes
• Paris Agreement updates
• Global Stocktake findings

4. Environmental Disasters & Case Studies

• Cyclones (Mocha, Biparjoy)
• Heatwaves trends
• Floods & urban flooding

5. Critical Ecosystems

• Western Ghats ESA
• Great Nicobar project (UPSC favourite)
• Aravalli protection issues

6. Species in News

• Dugong conservation
• Lion translocation
• Leopard census
• New species discoveries

Sources: MoEFCC, PIB, Down to Earth, Hindu SciTech, GEO IAS Module

UPSC Trend: 50% of environment questions link directly to CA

🔵 T23 — Climate Change + Agreements

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Climate Basics

• Greenhouse gases
• Radiative forcing
• Global warming vs climate change

2. Climate Models & Phenomena

• El Niño, La Niña, ENSO, IOD
• Arctic warming + India impact
• Jet stream shifts + monsoon

3. International Climate Treaties

• Kyoto Protocol
• Paris Agreement
• Montreal Protocol (UPSC favourite)
• Kigali Amendment
• UNFCCC, IPCC

4. India's Climate Policies

• National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
• National Missions (Solar, HEMM, Green India)
• NDC targets

5. Carbon Markets & Environmental Economics

• Carbon credits
• Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
• Carbon border adjustment

6. Climate Adaptation & Mitigation

• REDD+
• Adaptation fund
• Nature-based solutions

Sources: Shankar IAS, UNFCCC docs, GEO IAS Module

UPSC Trend: UPSC repeats climate treaty-based questions every alternate year

🔵 T24 — Environment PYQs + Applied Concepts Test

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. PYQs (2011–2024) Topic-Wise

• Pollution
• Ecology
• Climate
• Protected areas
• Species
• Acts

2. Applied Environment Questions

• Ecological succession
• Food chain dynamics
• Pollution control technologies
• Bio-remediation
• Wetland conservation

3. Mapping-based Environment

• National parks
• Tiger reserves
• Biosphere reserves
• Ramsar sites

4. Advanced UPSC patterns

• 3-statement elimination
• Which of the following pairs…
• Consider the following organisms…

🔵 T25 — Static Science & Technology (NCERT Class 6–12)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Physics Basics (NCERT 6–12)

• Motion, force, gravitation
• Work, energy, power
• Light (reflection, refraction), optics concepts
• Electricity: current, resistance, power
• Magnetism basics
• Sound waves
• Nuclear physics (radioactivity, fission, fusion)

2. Chemistry Fundamentals

• Atomic structure
• Periodic table trends (UPSC favourite)
• Chemical bonding
• Acids, bases, salts
• Organic chemistry basics
• Polymers, alloys, chemicals in daily life

3. Biology: Foundation Topics

• Cell structure & functions
• Tissues
• Photosynthesis, respiration
• Reproduction
• Human physiology: digestion, blood circulation, nervous system
• Immunity basics

4. Biotechnology Basics

• DNA, RNA, genes
• Genetic engineering
• GM foods
• PCR, CRISPR basics

5. Space Basics

• Planets, satellites, comets
• Light year, astronomical unit
• Kepler’s laws

6. Computers & IT Basics

• Binary, byte, memory units
• Input/output devices
• Networking basics
• Cloud computing fundamentals

Sources: NCERT Class 6–12 Science, Lucent (Science part)
UPSC Trend: 1–3 direct questions from basic science every year

🔵 T26 — New Technologies: AI, Space, Biotech, Cybersecurity

(A crucial UPSC area since 2018)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Artificial Intelligence

• Machine learning, deep learning basics
• NLP, computer vision
• Ethical AI
• Government policies on AI
• AI applications: health, agriculture, governance

2. Robotics & Automation

• Industrial automation
• Drones (DGCA rules)
• Robotics in manufacturing, defense

3. Space Technology (ISRO Heavy Weight Area)

• PSLV, GSLV, LVM3
• Chandrayaan-1, 2, 3
• Aditya L1
• XPoSat
• NavIC vs GPS
• Reusable launch vehicles
• Space debris, Kessler syndrome

4. Biotechnology (Advanced)

• Recombinant DNA technology
• Gene editing (CRISPR)
• Gene therapy
• Vaccine technology (mRNA, DNA vaccine)
• Bioinformatics

5. Nanotechnology

• Carbon nanotubes
• Graphene
• Nanomedicine
• Nanotoxicity concerns

6. Cybersecurity & IT

• Encryption, hashing
• Cyberattacks: phishing, ransomware
• CERT-In
• Zero Trust architecture
• 5G + cybersecurity vulnerabilities

7. Defense Technology

• Hypersonic weapons
• Drone warfare
• Missile systems (Agni, Prithvi, BrahMos)
• S-400, Iron Dome basics

Sources:

PIB Science & Tech, ISRO publications, AICTE SciTech notes

UPSC Trend: ~8–12 SciTech questions every year

🔵 T27 — Science & Tech Current Affairs (1-Year Coverage)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Space Updates

• Chandrayaan-3 soft landing
• Gaganyaan mission updates
• New ISRO launches (SSLV, NVS satellites)
• Private space companies (Skyroot, Agnikul)

2. Biology & Health Science Updates

• WHO reports
• New diseases, pandemics
• mRNA technologies
• Genome sequencing
• One Health approach
• Antibiotic resistance

3. AI/IT Developments

• IndiaAI Mission
• Semiconductor mission
• Quantum computing initiatives
• Cybersecurity incidents (CERT-In alerts)

4. Environment-linked Tech

• Climate modelling
• Carbon capture
• Green hydrogen
• EV battery technologies

5. New Scientific Discoveries

• Nobel Prize highlights
• New materials
• New exoplanets

6. Agriculture S&T

• GM mustard
• Nano-fertilizers
• Digital agriculture tools

Sources:

PIB SciTech, Down to Earth Sci updates, Nature/Science journals, GEO IAS Module

UPSC Trend: Majority of Science questions are CA-linked

🔵 T28 — Current Affairs: Polity + Social Issues

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Polity Current Affairs (past 1 year)

• Supreme Court judgments:
• Constitutional Bench rulings
• Federalism disputes
• Election Commission reforms
• SC verdicts on fundamental rights (Privacy, Free speech, Marriage rights etc.)
• Parliament updates:
• Major Bills passed
• New Acts
• Parliamentary committee reports
• Election-related CA:
• ECI reforms
• Electoral bonds judgment
• VVPAT reforms
• Constitutional developments:
• Centre–State friction cases
• Governor–CM conflicts (UPSC favourite)
• Delimitation Panels
• Local Governance updates:
• PRI devolution rankings
• Urban local body reforms

2. Social Issues (UPSC high weight)

• Women-related legislation & schemes
• Juvenile justice, child rights
• Education reforms (NEP implementation)
• Health sector updates:
• Ayushman Bharat
• Digital Health Mission
• Poverty, hunger, inequality indices
• Social justice & vulnerable sections
• Demographic trends: fertility, migration

3. Government Schemes (full coverage)

• MoSPI, MoWCD, MoHFW, MoRD major schemes
• Social protection schemes
• New initiatives from PIB

4. Reports, Indices & Rankings

• Democracy Index
• Rule of Law Index
• Human Development Report
• Social Progress Index

UPSC Trend: Polity + social CA now contribute 6–8 questions yearly

🔵 T29 — Current Affairs: Economy + International Relations

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Indian Economy CA

• RBI monetary policy updates
• Inflation trends, food inflation spikes
• GST Council meetings
• FDI flows, FPI trends
• Make in India + PLI updates
• Banking reforms:
• NPA trends
• IBC updates
• Digital payments growth (UPI, ONDC)
• Poverty, inequality, unemployment data (PLFS)
• Energy sector CA:
• Green hydrogen mission
• Solar capacity milestones
• Coal vs renewable mix

2. Budget + Survey (Trends only)

(Full test on this is T31 — here only CA linkages)

• Fiscal deficit trends
• Capital expenditure focus
• Social sector allocations
• Tax updates

3. International Relations CA

• India–USA strategic partnership
• India–Russia defence & trade
• India–ASEAN, India–EU summits
• QUAD, IPEF, Indo-Pacific initiatives
• West Asia CA:
• Israel–Palestine
• Iran–US tensions
• Red Sea shipping lanes
• Neighbourhood updates:
• Sri Lanka crisis recovery
• Maldives–India relations
• Nepal constitutional concerns
• China & Indo-Pacific security

4. Global Institutions

• IMF, World Bank, ADB reforms
• WTO meetings
• UN reforms debate

5. Important Economic Reports

• WEO (IMF)
• Global Trade Outlook (WTO)
• World Investment Report (UNCTAD)
• Global Economic Prospects

🔵 T30 — Current Affairs: Environment + Science & Tech (CA-Heavy)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Environment CA

• COP-28 outcomes
• IPCC AR6 synthesis report
• Forest Conservation Amendment Act
• Great Nicobar Island project
• Western Ghats ESA debate
• Wildlife species in news
• Heatwave thresholds (IMD)
• Air quality alerts & NCAP updates
• Waste management rules (2023 updates)

2. Climate Change CA

• Global Stocktake
• Extreme weather events (India 2024)
• Arctic & Antarctic updates
• Renewable energy milestones

3. Science & Tech CA

• Semiconductor mission
• IndiaAI Mission
• Quantum computing initiatives
• Cybersecurity challenges (CERT-In reports)
• ISRO recent missions (Chandrayaan-3, Aditya-L1)
• Private space startups (Agnikul, Skyroot)
• Vaccine updates
• Genome sequencing & One Health

4. Agriculture S&T

• Nano-urea
• Digital agriculture platforms
• GM crops (GM Mustard)

5. Reports & Indices

• State of Climate Report
• Emissions Gap Report
• India Ranking: Climate & SDG

🔴 T31 — Budget + Economic Survey + Government Affairs (Combined Document Test)

This is one of the most strategically important tests in the entire series.

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Union Budget (FULL COVERAGE)

A. Budget Structure & Concepts

• Revenue vs capital receipts
• Consolidated Fund, Contingency Fund, Public Account
• Types of deficits:
• Fiscal
• Revenue
• Primary
• Effective revenue
• Capital expenditure vs revenue expenditure
• FRBM Act

B. Key Budget Components

• Tax proposals (direct + indirect)
• GST compensation trends
• Subsidy reforms (food, fertilizer, petroleum)
• Fiscal consolidation roadmap
• Budget priorities for infrastructure, health, education, defense

C. Sector-Wise Budget Analysis

• Agriculture & rural: MSP, PMFBY, PM-KISAN
• Health & education allocations
• Urban development (AMRUT, Smart Cities)
• Renewable energy & climate financing
• Railways & transport Corridors
• Digital economy initiatives

2. Economic Survey (FULL COVERAGE)

A. Macroeconomic Overview

• GDP growth projections
• Drivers of growth
• Inflation trends
• Employment trends (PLFS)
• External sector developments

B. Sectoral Analysis

• Agriculture reforms
• Industrial sector recovery
• Banking & NPA trends
• Fiscal developments

C. Thematic Chapters

• AI & digital infrastructure
• Green hydrogen economy
• Women-led development
• Innovation ecosystem
• Ease of doing business updates

D. Key Charts & Data

• Tax buoyancy
• Sectoral growth charts
• Demographic trends
• Credit growth data

3. Government Affairs (Major Reports + Policies)

A. Constitutional & Governance Developments

• Major Supreme Court judgments
• Federal disputes (Governor vs State)
• Local governance reforms

B. Government Committees & Reports

• Finance Commission updates
• Parliamentary committee recommendations
• National Education Policy updates
• Health Missions

C. Flagship Government Schemes (2023–25)

• PM Gati Shakti
• Solar Mission
• Ayushman Bharat
• SAMARTH, SAMPANN, SVAMITVA
• Aspirational Districts & Aspirational Blocks

4. CA + Documents Integrated Questions

• Budget + economy linkages
• Survey + global economy linkages
• Governance + Parliament interactions
• Fiscal policy + monetary policy synergy

⭐ T31 is designed to reproduce 5–7 UPSC questions each year which directly come from these documents.

🟪 T32 — Full Length Test 1 (Complete UPSC GS Paper–I Simulator)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

This test covers the entire UPSC GS Prelims syllabus:

1. Polity

• Full Constitution
• Bodies
• Governance + polity-current fusion

2. History & A&C

• Ancient, Medieval, Modern
• Architecture, dances, literature

3. Geography

• Physical + Indian
• Maps + Climate + Oceanography

4. Economy

• Static + dynamic
• External sector
• Banking

5. Environment

• Ecology, species, protected areas, environment CA

6. Science & Tech

• Static + CA (ISRO + AI + biotech)

This test replicates actual UPSC 2023–2025 pattern:
→ 60% CA-linked static
→ 40% conceptual static

🟪 T33 — Full Length Test 2 (High Difficulty)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

• Complex 3-statement questions
• Polity + CA integrated
• Economy diagrams and data-based questions
• Applied geography (climate + ecology integration)
• Advanced A&C classification
• Species, acts, and treaties
• Deep S&T CA (quantum, semiconductors, private space)

This test represents the toughest UPSC questions (like 2020, 2022).

🟪 T34 — Full Length Test 3 (Concept + Application Mix)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

• Concepts from NCERT (foundational but applied)
• Polity Case-based questions
• Economy schemes + conceptual definitions
• Geography + map + phenomena-based questions
• Environment: ecosystem processes + climate treaties

This test focuses on high-scoring conceptual clarity.

🟪 T35 — Full Length Test 4 (Current-Affairs Heavy)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

• 1-year CA (Dec 2023 – Apr 2025)
• India + World geopolitics
• Economy + RBI updates
• Climate + COP outcomes
• ISRO + DRDO + Tech developments
• Environment laws + amendments
• Species in news

This test helps capture 80% of UPSC’s CA-linked questions.

🔵 T36 — GRAND FINAL SIMCERT TEST

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

This is the final mock replicating UPSC’s exact:

• Difficulty
• Topic balance
• Unpredictability
• Elimination traps
• Odd-one-out patterns
• Statement combos

Coverage Pattern:

• Polity (20%)
• Environment (20%)
• Economy (20%)
• Geography (20%)
• History + A&C (15%)
• S&T (5%)

This test mimics the actual UPSC exam day psychology and style.

⭐ Batch 9 — Detailed Syllabus (CSAT–1 to CSAT–4)

Arithmetic, Reasoning, Comprehension, Data Interpretation, Full-Length Simulator

🔵 CSAT–1 — Arithmetic + Reasoning (Concept + Practice Test)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Arithmetic (Class 10–12 Level)

• Number system (integers, fractions, decimals)
• LCM, HCF, divisibility rules
• Percentages (profit-loss-discount)
• Ratios & proportions
• Averages, mixtures & alligation
• Simple & compound interest
• Time–speed–distance
• Time & work, pipes & cisterns
• Boats & streams
• Clocks & calendars basic problems

UPSC Trend:

UPSC CSAT no longer asks heavy calculations — instead, it tests logic-heavy arithmetic.

2. Reasoning (Analytical + Logical)

• Coding–decoding
• Blood relations
• Syllogism
• Direction sense
• Seating arrangement (linear + circular)
• Clocks, sequences & series
• Pattern recognition
• Odd-one-out
• Analogies
• Venn diagrams
• Data sufficiency

UPSC Trend:

More focus on analytical logic and less on traditional bank-style reasoning.

3. Basic Data Interpretation

• Bar charts
• Line graphs
• Pie charts
• Simple table interpretation

4. Puzzles (Light Difficulty)

• Age-based puzzles
• Ranking questions

Sources: CSAT by Tata McGraw Hill, Arihant CSAT Manual

UPSC Pattern: Moderate but tricky; elimination is key

🔵 CSAT–2 — Comprehension + Aptitude (UPSC Trending Areas)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

1. Reading Comprehension (RC)

UPSC-level passages involving:

• Philosophy
• Economics
• Environment
• Social issues
• Ethics & morality
• Science articles

Skills tested:

• Inference
• Assumption
• Tone of author
• Logical conclusion

UPSC prefers long analytical passages with subtle twists.

2. Logical Aptitude

• Statement–argument
• Statement–assumption
• Strengthen/weaken arguments
• Cause–effect
• Course of action
• Critical reasoning puzzles

This section has increased tremendously since 2021.

3. Verbal Reasoning

• Para-jumbles
• Odd-sentence out
• Sentence completion

4. Maths Reasoning

• Quant-based logic puzzles
• Data-based inference

🔵 CSAT–3 — Mixed CSAT (Arithmetic + Reasoning + RC + DI)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

This test includes a balanced mix:

1. Quantitative Aptitude (40%)

• Application-based arithmetic
• Ratio problems
• Algebra basics
• Geometry basics (mensuration light level)
• Time–speed–distance with diagrams

2. Logical Reasoning (30%)

• Multi-statement puzzles
• Syllogisms (UPSC pattern)
• Analytical grouping
• Seating arrangement
• Input–output patterns (light)

3. Reading Comprehension (20%)

• Short & long RC passages
• Inference-heavy questions

4. Data Interpretation (10%)

• Moderate-level DI
• Line, bar, pie, table
• Multi-set DI

🔵 CSAT–4 — Full Length CSAT Simulator (UPSC CSAT Paper)

⭐ Detailed Micro-Syllabus:

This replicates the actual UPSC CSAT paper exactly:

1. Reading Comprehension (10–12 passages)

• Long passages from:
• Philosophy
• Economics
• Psychology
• Sociology
• Environmental science
• Questions are NOT factual; they test:
• tone
• argument
• inference
• logical structure

2. Reasoning (25–30 questions)

• Complex puzzles
• Logical sets
• Pattern recognition
• Critical reasoning
• Data sufficiency
• Matching patterns

3. Quantitative Aptitude (20–25 questions)

• Mostly conceptual
• Many traps
• Moderate calculations
• Emphasis on problem-solving logic

4. Data Interpretation

• Tough DI sets
• Multi-graph interpretation
• Trend analysis

⭐ UPSC CSAT Trend:

• RC + reasoning now dominate
• Arithmetic is conceptual, not computational
• UPSC wants logical clarity, not lengthy maths
• CSAT has become a qualifier, but NOT easy